When it comes to Gold and Silver medalists in Olympic Track and Field events between 1896 and 1948, then :
“Contrary to conventional wisdom, winners die over one year earlier than losers.”
“Disentangling the relationship between achievement and health is challenging because several channels may operate simultaneously.”
See: Dying to Win? Olympic Gold Medals and Longevity Journal of Health Economics, Available online 6 August 2018. A full, free of charge, copy may be found here.
Also see: This research from 1995 which found that “bronze medalists tend to be happier than silver medalists”
Further reading: More information about ‘Close Counterfactuals’ : “Close Counterfactuals are alternatives to reality that almost happened.” From Daniel Kahneman and Carol A. Varey University of California, Berkeley, 1990.
[ Research research by Martin Gardiner ]
